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As
an outsider who
shares many values with sincere and faithful Christians, I am troubled
with the apparent lack of effectiveness of their most common approaches
to the current HIV crisis. For a Christian, to accept Jesus of
Nazareth
as the Messiah is the Only Way to salvation. The Christian ultimate
objective
of 'saving souls' is not universally shared. Arguments from that
perspective will not be persuasive to a general audience.
However,
even if we were all
to agree to that
goal, the current Christian approaches are allowing far too many bodies
and souls to be taken by HIV. The souls taken are those who have
willfully
chosen to engage in behavior which endangers others. The bodies lost
are
the innocents who have been infected by their mothers in the womb or
their
cheating husbands. They may be recipients of blood transfusions or
other
medical procedures. Their souls may be safe, but they have been cheated
out of living out their lives and of continuing to make positive
contributions
in the lives of others.
The
life of a Mother Teresa
may be cut short before
she has a chance to show the true meaning of grace and to touch the
lives
of many. The potential effects of evil are manifold. The loss of one
body
can lead to the loss of many souls.
When
considering appropriate
responses to an issue
such as the spread of HIV, there are several critical questions which
must
be asked. Are the root causes of this situation taken under
consideration?
Will the response do anything to stop the spread of this disease?
Should
there be any difference in the treatment of those who are infected by
conscious
decisions to engage in risky behavior as distinguished from the truly
innocent?
For Christians, will the action proposed ultimately serve to save souls?
Insofar
as the saving of
souls is concerned, some
of us fail to consider how the presentation of our faith will be
perceived
by the unconverted. It is possible to have an ethical position
promulgated
which has the potential of mass appeal without compromising any
fundamental
principles. Any pronouncements on an issue as critical as HIV must take
into consideration the current cultural climate.
Blundering along with zeal
alone risks merely
offending someone who may have little real exposure to sincere faith.
To
a person who has only been exposed to religion by the cultural elite,
expressions
of passionate faith may appear to be silly at best. The opportunity to
reach a recalcitrant mind with a truly moral perspective is thus at
risk
of being lost [as is the opportunity to save a lost soul].
It
is also true that a
‘value-neutral’ approach
is ultimately doomed to fail. Doors may be opened with a
‘non-judgmental’
approach, but the root causes are not addressed. Popular opinion
notwithstanding,
HIV is a consequence of moral decisions. Yet, there is significant
cadre
of Christians who are loathe to even suggest a moral cause and effect.
Of the ‘value neutral’
approaches commonly
used, clearly the most favored approach is what I will call the
‘compassionate
non-judgmental’ method. This is also most typically used by secular
treatment
facilities and is looked upon approvingly by the mavens of the popular
culture. It offers sympathy for the infected person with no interest
shown
in his/her role in acquiring the infection.
A typical example can be found
in an article
generated by the AIDS
National
Interfaith Network. In it, they proclaim that the “enormity of the
pandemic itself has compelled us to join forces despite our differences
of belief.” Further, we are told that “AIDS is an affliction of
the
whole human family, a condition in which we all participate.”
The
assertion is then made
that “God does not
punish with sickness or disease.” Now, if we agree that the
Almighty
is infinite and we, as individuals are finite, how can anyone make such
a definitive assertion of the intent and method of Deity? This fallacy
will be explored later; it is abused by advocates of several
perspectives
on this as well as many other issues.
The
authors lay out their
objectives: an emphasis
on prevention for those not yet infected and “non-judgmental care,
respect,
support and assistance” for those who are. They are “committed to
transform
public attitudes and policies.” These ‘attitudes’ which are to be
transformed
are “the sins of intolerance and bigotry.” We are admonished to
remember
that “AIDS is not a ‘gay disease.” Yet, there is no attempt to
discuss
the behavioral factors which contribute its spread.
The
policies [government?]
which need such ‘transformation’
are alluded to in the assertion that “economic disparity and poverty
are
major contributing factors in the AIDS pandemic and barriers to
prevention
and treatment.” Not included in this advocacy for “prevention” and
“education”
is any assessment in how the behaviors which transmit the disease may
be
“major contributing factors.”
Nowhere
in ANIN’s missive is
the suggestion that
any effective “education” might need to include what those who are
infected
may have in common and what could be learned from this. We are instead
expected to take the leap that “intolerance and bigotry” and “economic
disparity” should be the focus of our efforts in the struggle against
AIDS.
Are
we to suppose that even
they actually believe
this to be true? Do they really mean to imply that the original
outbreak
of HIV/AIDS and/or its continuation was caused by people who consider
the
behaviors which transmit the disease to be morally abhorrent? Also,
there
are places where HIV/AIDS are virtually unknown which have essentially
medieval socio-economic structures [viz. a great deal of ‘economic
disparity
and poverty.’] The social mores in these traditional societies are as
equally
‘backward’ in comparison to ours as are their economic situations. How
are we to assess that?
Claudia
L. Webster, a Board of Directors member of the United Methodist
General
Board of Global Ministries advocates what I would characterize as the
‘practical’
approach. Church leaders are encouraged to facilitate discussion and
education
targeted toward adults, teens and children. “Personal stories” should
be
shared “about [how] HIV/AIDS has affected families... [to] bring home
the
reality of HIV/AIDS.”
“Sensitive
issues” should
be, “addressed
[italics mine]” such as, “abstinence and monogamy as well as safer
[italics mine] sex practices including using a condom.” Also to
be
‘addressed’ is needle sharing by intravenous drug users and, “caring
for
all types of people.” (Webster 2) Ms. Webster does allow that, “[i]t is
not who you are, but what risk behaviors you engage in” (Webster 2)
which
risk infection. She offers that this aspect of her recommended
“education
program” would be “challenging... to put it mildly.”
The
author considers that a
“church setting” would
be a “very meaningful” place for “teens and children to learn about
HIV/AIDS.”
In addition to “medical facts” children could be engaged in discussion
of “church teachings regarding caring for persons who are ill and for
families
in need.” She goes on to admonish her co-religionists to avoid
discrimination
against HIV-positive volunteers and employees “Infection control
procedures” are listed if a situation arises to necessitate the
handling
of bodily fluids [such as “First Aid situations.”]
Advice
on “compassionate
counseling” is offered
for the families of the dead and dying. Practical matters such as day
care
for those who are incapacitated by the illness are outlined. Of course,
for a leftist, no ‘compassionate’ treatment on this subject would be
complete
without the recommendation to advocate on behalf of increased
government
involvement in the above-described policies.
At least Ms. Webster
recognizes the necessity
of ‘addressing’ such ‘sensitive issues’ as monogamy and abstinence but
note how she phrases these as if they were morally equivalent to using
condoms and not sharing needles! Unlike ANIN, she is willing to discuss
the relationship between the behavior and disease, but the
half-sentence
devoted to not engaging in the behaviors at all is dwarfed by the
eleven
pages devoted to living with the behavior and its consequences.
A perspective which
acknowledges accountability is
what I would call the ‘revelation and repentance’ approach. Johnny
Chatham is a person who, as a young man, embraced the homosexual
‘lifestyle’.
He became alienated from his parents and sought to justify his behavior
[and demonize his parents’ reaction] to himself. After he tested
positive
for HIV, he went through the typical periods of denial and resignation
[which, ironically included a ‘party’ phase].
His
parents were practicing
Christians and, after
much struggle, convinced him to come back home with them. They insisted
that he go to church and attend other Christian events and services
with
them. Upon reflection, he noted that when spiritual guidance and/or
intervention
was needed, it came, miraculously. His father upset him greatly upon
suggesting
that he might not be saved. “He told me that great men and women of the
Bible have sinned, but that they didn’t continue to live in sin as I
had.”
He
was reminded of how, when
David was confronted
with the sins he had committed with Bathsheba, he repented. Shortly
afterward
Johnny opened his Bible randomly and came to Psal. 51. There, he found
that a “broken spirit” is what God wanted. He took from that he would
have
to give up everything he had previously had built his life upon, “the
homosexuality,
the parties, everything!” He came to the insight that his former
“’life’ [his quotes] had become my god, that it was an idol.”
Mr.
Chatham was eventually
re-united with his
family and embraced the spiritual aspect which joined him to a greater
family. He considered himself subject to divine intervention the entire
time and assessed his life and impending death as ultimately leading to
“victory.”
His
early adult life was
defined by living the
isolated, myopic ‘lifestyle’ which revolves around sexual pleasure as
the
beginning and end of existence. Faced with an early death which was
precipitated
by that lifestyle, he found himself forced to take a look at the
meaning
of his life from a larger perspective. Eventually, he came to realize
that
what people did, even as consenting adults, had consequences outside
himself.
Further, he was not alone, he never was; he, like each one of us is
bound
by willful, transcendent, spiritual power.
A
spiritual experience such
as this is by its
nature personal. It cannot be adequately explained to someone who has
no
similar point of reference. It would be easy enough for a person who
has
not experienced direct divine contact to dismiss such an experience as
either the ravings of a religious fanatic or that of a psychotic
experiencing
a schizophrenic episode.
Thus,
beautiful and moving
as a testimonial of
this kind is, the effect would be limited. There may be those who are
wavering
in their conviction that there is nothing more to life than what
appears.
I’m sure the story was told partly to reach those people before it is
too
late; before they would have to learn what Mr. Chatham did the hard way.
The examples given so far
summarize the most typical
reactions to HIV by Christendom [as well as by most other religions].
Being
‘compassionate’ is certainly a virtue. However, if a person is
afflicted
because of the consequences his/her own deliberate choices, that fact
must
not be ignored. To treat people who are infected through no fault of
their
own with the same regard as the ones who caused their illness is
morally
obscene.
To
exploit a tragedy such as
this to advance one’s
political agenda is equally heinous. The ‘gay’ community have
successfully
changed the root of the debate from a question of morality into a human
rights issue. Most religious organizations have shied away from holding
people accountable for spreading this disease.
Consequently,
we are faced
with the bitter irony
of having those who are engaging in self-indulgent, risky behavior
being
treated as victims and/or heroes. Meanwhile, the faithful act as if it
is they who should be ashamed for considering such behavior to be
morally
abhorrent. Instead, they meekly join the secular humanist elite in
entreating
people to engage in ‘safe sex’.
There was a time in all
culture’s history when it
was the clergy who were expected to have knowledge in all of the arts
and
sciences. There is a good reason for this. Early clergy were engaged in
the study of the most fundamental issues of human life. The direction,
the purpose of scientific study and artistic expression were embedded
in
the matrix of these values.
Modern
clergy have all but
abandoned these disciplines
to the secular community. Indeed, when a cleric expresses an opinion
about
most anything outside of theology, the external reaction is almost
universal
derision (unless the opinion is politically correct). Historically,
clergy
bears some responsibility for this phenomenon. Conflict between
religious
positions and scientific inquiry have not always been settled
reasonably.
There
should be no conflict
between scientific
findings and religious interpretation. The arts and sciences are
studied in divinity schools and seminaries. This should be expanded in
these institutions of religious education. Every graduate should be so
well-educated in the these fields [medicine, astrophysics, political
ideology,
economics, etc.] that their expertise would be indisputable to even the
secular community.
That
being done, religious
leaders should then
engage the secular humanists from a scientific and political as well as
a moral and theological perspective with respect to HIV. The idea that
counseling people to have ‘safe sex’ to inhibit the spread of this
disease,
for example, should be attacked by well-informed clergy firstly on
scientific
grounds.
Getting back to the issue of
‘safe sex’, consider
the controversy over the effectiveness of condoms in HIV/AIDS
transmission.
The Center for
Disease
Control has found it necessary to address this repeatedly. One
recent
example was contained in an article proclaiming [with the full faith
and
credit of the U.S. government] that the “correct and consistent use of
latex condoms during sexual intercourse...can greatly reduce a person’s
risk of acquiring or transmitting STDs [sexually transmitted diseases],
including HIV.” Furthermore, they are “highly effective in protecting
against
HIV infection.”
Our
public servants in
Washington go on to cite
several studies which should prove this to us all. As long as the
subjects
used condoms “consistently”, the infected person did not transmit the
disease
to the uninfected sexual partner. Several common doubts and
concerns
about the effectiveness of latex protection are labeled “myths” and are
debunked, one by one. “Condoms don’t work”, they break, the retrovirus
“can pass through” the latex.
Failure
is caused by
inconsistent and/or incorrect
use. Tests show the breakage rate to be “less than 2 percent.”
Whether
or not the pores in latex are larger than HIV is not directly
addressed,
but “studies” are cited showing “that intact latex condoms provide a
highly
effective barrier to sperm and micro-organisms, including HIV and the
much
smaller hepatitis B virus.
U.S.
representative Tom
Coburn, (R) OK. is quoted
in the Sept. 23 1999 Washington
Times [Rebecca Wyatt, "Activists attack safe sex as myth"]
saying
that the “’media and the CDC have not printed warnings about the high
communicability
of some STDs because the idea that truly safe sex is just a myth is
unpopular.’”
In the same news article, the Family Research Council [FRC] asserts
that
condoms are useless against HPV [human papilloma virus]” (the virus
which
leads to genital warts and cervical cancer). Abstinence is recommended
as a “’better solution.’”
Planned
Parenthood president
Gloria Feldt is quoted
responding that abstinence is “’the only 100 percent safe method to
prevent
STDs and unwanted pregnancy.’” However, she felt compelled to add
that “’the abstinence-only sex education message... is not in the best
interest of adolescents or adults.’” She did not say why. Ms. Feldt
went
on to chide the FRC for “promoting ‘ignorance’ and clamed FRC
supporters
‘want to impose their own personal religious and moral agenda on all
people.’”
Further
examination of the
medical studies gives
a hint as to who is ‘promoting ignorance’ and who ‘wants to impose
their
own... agenda’ upon whom. Stanley Monteith, M.D. is a columnist and
radio
talk show host with a medical background. In A
Nation Deceived and Betrayed: AIDS Update, he questions the
science and the moral implications of the pronouncements of the CDC. He
alleges that the study which the CDC refers to is not cited completely.
Viral-sized particles do pass through the latex. The amount is
decreased
significantly, “but when dealing with one of the deadliest diseases
known
to mankind, the presence of any infectious viral-sized particles
penetrating
an intact condom is unacceptable.”
Another
clinical source
cited by the CDC stated
that “’condoms may reduce [the] risk of HIV infection by approximately
69%.’” The author goes on to state that a “31% failure rate is hardly
‘highly
effective.’” Further studies used by the CDC to bolster their
claims
of protection are analyzed by the good doctor who concludes that,
“[a]lthough
condoms obviously offer a measure of protection to the uninfected, a 1%
a year failure rate [as indicated in an African study of heterosexuals]
is unacceptable when dealing with a disease that is 95-100%
fatal.”
Interestingly,
Dr. Monteith
concludes on a moral/social
note: condom “instruction and... distribution” purport the notion that
“sexual experimentation and sexual activity before marriage are
socially
acceptable.” He is explicit in stating that “condoms are not an
acceptable
safe alternative [to abstinence] in the age of AIDS.” He then
explains
in quantified clinical detail why this is so.
It
goes on and on like this.
The amount of data
which is apparently deliberately misinterpreted and distorted by the
CDC
is too vast and would be too great a digression for the purposes of
this
paper. What this shows is that science can sometimes take a very long
and
painstaking approach to prove a point that any sincere follower of a
life
and love centered-religion already knows.
Unfortunately,
as we have
seen, it is necessary
for even those who study the ethics of a particular religion to delve
deeply
into the intricacies of other fields in order to get a clear picture.
Those
who have an agenda which is antithetical to the goals of spirituality
and
objective truth will stop at nothing. They will ignore truth; they will
perpetrate falsehood.
What
can Christians do in
the face of this? Science
must not be abandoned to the secular humanists. Their perspective is no
more rational nor based upon reason than those who embrace religion. I
would contend that the humanist perspective is less rational; they deny
objective truth in favor of moral relativism, wherein each one of us
carries
with our own rules, our own truth, our own reality. The clinical
definition
of that perspective is schizophrenia.
Is
AIDS or any other human
suffering God’s punishment?
The Almighty by definition is infinite. We, as individuals are finite.
Who are we to say what is the ultimate will of the infinite? Anyone who
presumes to make pronouncements as to the will of the Almighty,
whosoever
dares to appoint themselves to be the voice of God is committing
blasphemy.
The
simple fact is that if
it were not for the
widespread intimate sexual contact with multiple partners, there would
be no HIV/AIDS ‘pandemic.’ This cannot be denied. U.S. Rep. Coburn had
said “’STDs are a symptom of the illness that truly plagues us. Many
people
don’t have the integrity and courage to say that there are consequences
to actions.’”
Imagine how compelling it would
be for a religious
leader to have engaged the CDC directly, citing the faulty science in
explicit,
clinical detail. Why leave that to organizations such as the FRC or
individuals
such as Rep. Coburn or Dr. Monteith? That being done, the cleric in
question
would then be free to attack Donna Shalala’s U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services for allowing its CDC to promulgate such nonsense on
moral/political grounds as leftist propaganda.
Finally,
theological support
could be introduced
to drive the point home. Natural Law could be easily invoked. For
Christians,
scripture could then be cited to show that the principles involved are
ultimately of a divine nature. Thus, the wisdom of studying and
following
the precepts of scripture can be emphasized.
In
our earliest stages of
development, our prehistoric
ancestors must have noticed that those who had the proclivity to hop
from
bed to bed also tended to become afflicted with horrible diseases.
Although
they may have had but a rudimentary understanding of medicine, they
were
intelligent enough to discern that these diseases were somehow
communicable.
Furthermore, these individuals were rightly considered to be a threat
to
the community and were dealt with accordingly.
Instinctively,
they knew
that there was a divine
principle involved. Consequently, cultural/religious taboos developed.
This historical sociological and religious support must also be cited
by
clergy to reinforce the concept that our forbears were wiser than we
are
today on this issue. They had to be; they didn’t have the margin for
error
that we enjoy today with our current size of population and level of
technology.
We are not, however, impervious
to the consequences
of our choices. If we choose to allow those who threaten the rest of us
with risky, self-indulgent behavior to continue without so much as
scolding
them, we are simply spreading the consequences to the whole population.
As we lose bodies, we will lose souls as well.
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